Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Free Essays

string(93) primary speculations that helped with clearing the course to what he accepted was self-actualization. Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization PSY 330: Theories of Personality January 30th, 2012 Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs and the Road to Self-Actualization Abraham Maslow was an American scholar that was one of the promoters of humanistic brain science. He accepted that self-completion is â€Å"a circumstance that exists when an individual is acting as per their full potential† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). I will represent the key ideas of Maslow’s progressive system of necessities of people, inquire about the techniques of his idea, and address how self-completion has conceptualized on this kind of character advancement. We will compose a custom article test on Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now His commitment to humanistic brain research has helped self improvement devotees, teachers, and business owners the same. Maslow’s progressive system of need was one of the fundamental speculations that helped with clearing the course to what he accepted was self-realization. You read Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in classification Paper models Since Positive respect aids the development of inspiration, there are sure fundamental practical needs that human needs, and Humans can satisfy their maximum capacity in a positive way. Who was Abraham H. Maslow? Abraham Maslow was conceived in Brooklyn, New York on April 1, 1908. His folks were migrants from Russia who were poor and had six other youngsters after Abraham. He invested his energy for the most part without anyone else and jumped at the chance to peruse. Being that he was Jewish in a local that was not he felt miserable and forlorn. As a youngster he had guardians that were genuinely and obnoxiously oppressive towards him and after some time he developed to have solid sentiments of scorn particularly for his mom. He in the long run offered some kind of reparation with his dad, however never did as such with his mom. When Maslow moved from City College of New York to Cornell University in 1927; first experience with Psychology was unexceptional, best case scenario. Maslow’s teacher Edward B. Tichener addressed â€Å"scientific introspection† that he saw as â€Å"cold and exhausting, and made him lose enthusiasm for brain research temporarily† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). After a year he returned to City College of New York. He went on to the University of Wisconsin where he got a Bachelor’s Degree in 1930, his Master’s Degree in 1931, and his Doctoral Degree in 1934. While living in Wisconsin, â€Å"Maslow wedded his first cousin and youth darling, Bertha Goodman, and they in the long run had two children† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). In the mid 1930’s, Maslow filled in as a Carnegie individual for year and a half under scholar Edward L. Thorndike. Thorndike’s hypotheses were like the investigations of scholars Pavlov and B. F. Skinner. He conjectured â€Å"animal insight and applied creature to human instructive experiences† (Indiana. edu, 2012). Thorndike accentuation was on Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis. The sort of individuals he was keen on like Albert Einstein were individuals that had strong proof of them doing whatever they expected to do to accomplish their most elevated potential. Maslow saw their inventive methods of imagination as one that should have been considered and analyzed. All through the 1940’s and mid 1950’s he kept on reinforcing his enthusiasm with individuals that he viewed as â€Å"self-actualizers, glancing back at history, he contemplated people, for example, Abraham Lincoln, Jane Adams, Albert Einstein and Albert Schweitzer† (strenghtfoundation. rg). By the late 1950’s, alongside Clark Moustakeas, who was another progressive clinician, set up â€Å"two gatherings that were held in Detroit among analysts who were keen on establishing an expert affiliation devoted to an increasingly significant, increasingly humanistic vision† (strenghtfoundation. organization). This was the place the â€Å"Third Force†, Humanistic Psychology started to take structure. Numerous subjects were talked about that fell under a similar umbrella on how self-realization is showed and what were the structure squares of one’s innovation. Three years after the gatherings Brandels University supported the presentation of the â€Å"American Association for Humanistic Psychology† (strenghtfoundation. organization). This was the start of one of the earth shattering commitments to Psychology Abraham Maslow has done. Another way that Maslow has added to Psychology by ensuring through social affairs, gatherings, talks, and hypothesis that the matter of humanistic brain research is similarly as significant and should have been instructed as that of Pavlov’s hypothesis of behaviorism and that of Freudian’s analysis hypothesis. As a prophet of human potential, Maslow accepted the acknowledgment of one’s complete likely differently depicted as self-acknowledgment to be a definitive objective of all human kind† (Dhiman, 2007). He did this with broad research and by working with scholar that common similar interests, as Carl Rogers. He did his bit on instructing at a college, yet immediately discovered that he didn't care for it without question and had the understudies encourage the class as he observed. The occasions that he lectured the class, he posed inquiries that widen the skylines of how the understudy saw themselves later on. The inquiries were like â€Å"Who needs to be president? â€Å"Or an incredible composer†, and even a goal to be a holy person? † (Dhiman, 2007). I accept this gave the understudies a stage to begin thinking about a more extensive imminent for them and make what they expected to assemble their inspiration to do and be whatever they can envision to be. This drive or push in their confidence is perhaps the most ideal approaches to feel like they are required and needed. As indicated by a book composed and looked into by R.J Lowry, it was a gathering of eight articles that were composed by Maslow and his exploration on people and the â€Å"character structure†; one of the articles delineated his â€Å"theory of human inspiration and his idea on the chain of importance of human needs† (Lowry, 1975). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human needs is one of his most famous speculations. Maslow’s point of convergence on his hypothesis of inspiration was the idea was that people have a lot of requirements. As indicated by our content, the â€Å"hierarchy of human needs is a course of action of the requirements from most minimal to most elevated as far as their potency† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). see figure1). Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs [pic] Figure 1, Maslow Enhanced 2011. This figure delineates the different degrees of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs was one of the principle speculations that helped with clearing the course to what he accepted was self-completion. The most minimal piece of the pyramid is the Biological and Physiological needs. One would feel that essential life needs like â€Å"air, food, drink, cover, warmth, and so on , would be a fundamental need. How might we as people, have the option to live without it. To Maslow he didn’t take a gander at it that way. As per Maslow, brain science has overemphasized the significance of such needs in deciding the conduct of people in a cutting edge society; a person’s life can't be overwhelmed by hunger or thirst† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). He was keen on recognizing what happens when the necessities of the physiological nature have been met. The second level on the pyramid is Safety Needs. Having a sense of security and secure methods such a great amount for some. Having that need constructs a feeling of trust that everything will be okay. It is of incredible satisfaction for people that can not stress over mischief. Crawling nearer to the top and in reality directly in the center is my top pick, Love Needs and Belongingness. This level consolidates the need of friendship, connections, family, and so forth. Making an association with an individual as well as gathering is a significant need to certain people. I’ve seen that the absence of this need has left a few people feeling desolate and not having a feeling of direction. At times, these people wound up being discouraged. The fourth level that is nearest to the top and the second most significant level is Esteem Needs. As indicated by the Journal of Asset Management, regard needs are â€Å"the want for accomplishment, certainty to confront the world, autonomy, opportunity, the craving for notoriety and renown, acknowledgment, consideration, and importance† (De Brouwer, 2009). I would imagine that these are the requirements that one needs so as to construct confidence. These requirements incorporate â€Å"respect, acknowledgment, and confidence† (strenghtfoundation. organization). Having this kind of need is significant in any powerful of family, workers, kinship, and friendship. Feeling approved and a feeling of significance can be seen as extremely significant, it did to Maslow. He instructed that need with respect to regard needs â€Å"results in demoralization and sentiments of inferiority† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). The last and top level is self-realization. Self-realization â€Å"the most significant level in the pecking order of requirements, which can be arrived at just if the first need levels have been satisfactorily satisfied† (Hergenhahn Olson, 2011). This is the place the individual is living and being at their most noteworthy potential. The level depicts it as arriving at the need of self-improvement and satisfaction. As an understudy, I realize that I am doing whatever there is conceivable to arrive at this need. I did once with my activity. I felt that whatever task as well as issue that I was given gave me the important devices and assets to assist me with feeling that I was in good shape of accomplishing this very need. From that point forward I was laid off with several others. I have yet gotten a new line of work that I

Peruvian market Essay Example for Free

Peruvian market Essay My last paper will center in the Peruvian conventional medication showcase. The Peruvian market is commanded by the main research centers who set the costs and control the brands. Peruvian clients are utilized to follow specialists remedies carefully and accept that the utilization of generics is hazardous. This circumstance permits the labs to catch the market and set the costs (Peruvian meds are more costly than in the USA). The Peruvian wellbeing organization; Ministerio de salud consented to a participation arrangement with national relationship of drug stores for them to disperse 83 of the most utilized nonexclusive medications alongside the brand prescriptions. They never kept up the understanding, and the drug stores won't sell conventional medications. The nonexclusive medication industry covers the advertising and offer of prescription containing indistinguishable dynamic fixings and measurements from brand-name drugs made by the pharmaceutical business. Medications can be endorsed under their concoction name without determining a specific pharmaceutical brand or organization. A key advantage of nonexclusive medications is that they for the most part cost a small amount of the cost of brand-name drugs. In this unique situation, our organization (counseling) is intending to open an establishment of drug stores that will only give nonexclusive medications to the clients. We have two financial specialists that have various methodologies for the business. Last paper will dissect the legitimate condition in Peru and all parts of liabilities, torts, morals and lawful ramifications of opening a parent organization that will deal with the establishment. Our organization is situated in the United States and will import items from the US. In this way, is dependent upon claims and risk in both the USA and Peru. Peru has a present facilitated commerce concurrence with the United States. This understanding thinks about enemy of trust laws and restraining infrastructure, universal agreements, and patent security among others. The paper will cover the primary subjects, for example, International law, contracts, against trust law, protections guidelines, work law, natural law, wrongdoings, and torts.

Why Do You Want to Work Here (Sample Answers Included)

Why Do You Want to Work Here (Sample Answers Included) What seems like a simple enough question can stump most professionals into wondering how to answer “Why Do You Want to Work Here?”.It can’t be as simple as answering “I was interested in the position, hence I applied for the job.”So, what does the hiring manager look for in an interviewee when asking this question.Let’s learn more about this age-old interview question in the following sections.WHY DO INTERVIEWERS ASK, “WHY DO YOU WANT TO WORK HERE?”9 out of 10 times, a hiring manager is bound to ask the candidate this very question.Although it may seem sarcastic by the hiring manager to be asking an obvious question, we assure you, it’s sincere.Now onto the question â€" the interviewer needs to understand if you fit well with their work culture and if you’re the right candidate to hire for the position.Having the right technical knowledge isn’t enough in the modern business world, interviewers are tasked to hire candidates with the right mentality and motivation for the job. A candidate requires â€"Ability to complete tasks on timeHave a certain number of soft skills â€"communication, critical-thinking, problem-solving, etc.Motivation to grow your technical skills on your own timeLet’s breakdown the question into two important criteria to better help you understand the right way of answering the question.Why are you interested in the Company? Ask yourself â€" why do you think your position best fits with the company’s requirement?Do you share the same goals with the company?What motivated you to apply for the company in the first place?Once you’re able to find the answers to these questions, you can better figure out what aspects of the company appealed to you.Why are you interested in the job?Are you someone trying to make ends meet?Is this a temporary career path that you intend to pursue for a few years?Hiring managers like to know if their candidates are best suited for a long-term commitment or they wish to pursue other companie s after a span of 1-2 years.Depending on your commitment, the company may not wish to hire candidates on a short-term basis and may simply reject your application.The following two questions make it clear as to why you would want to work in a company and what is attractive about the job position offered.While answering, it’s necessary to portray your passion for the work instead of looking at the job as a way to make money. HOW TO BEST PREPARE TO ANSWER THE QUESTIONConduct researchBeing informed about the company that you are applying for provides you with knowledge on how to answer better.Study the company’s background, values, senior team members, and create an answer based on the company’s mission projecting your desire to achieve those values.Spend time analyzing the “About me” page on the company’s website, understand the vision of the company and what type of employees work in its offices.Once you’ve data mined the entire history of the company, you’re in a bet ter position to provide an answer to the question.LinkedIn company profiles offer much needed information on the type of hires the company has made recently and what positions are in high demand. It also provides statistics, recent promotions, related companies, and former employees of the company.Every company usually has a personal blog with achievements, milestones, and other important news. Reading the company’s blog is one of the best ways to attain information not visible to the naked eye. You can then quote a recent achievement and mention how it motivated you enough to approach the company for a job.By gaining information on the company, you gain an interview edge over other candidates.Another important factor is to read reviews left by former employees in websites such as Glassdoor. Knowing the background of the company puts you in a better position to personalize your answer based on research.Show your valueAs a professional, you need to demonstrate and match your skills to the requirement of the company.You need to sound attractive describing your key skills and in what way the company benefits from utilizing them. Sell your services!Don’t sound monotonous and talk entirely about your technical skills.Your interviewer understands you’re an expert at what you do and he doesn’t need you to re-read what’s already mentioned on the resume.Instead, talk about your soft skills and mention a story on how you converted a query into a lead.An interesting story can keep your interviewer on his toes and he will be interested in knowing exactly why you want to join the company.Culture consultant Steve Langerud recommends sticking to answers related to work culture and presenting your lifelong career dream in simple sentences. This automatically lets the hiring manager understand why you’d make an ideal fit for their company.Keep up with Current TrendsA big turn off for interviewer’s is when the candidate utilizes outdated trends to show why they wa nt to work in the company.Keep up to date with the latest and upcoming trends to demonstrate your professional side of things.Jennifer Malach from 20/20 Career Solutions shares an experience she had with a candidate who applied for the Accounting Manager position and how she pointed out the fact that the company needed a current trend of accounting skills and showed a flaw within the company.This immediately put the candidate in the hotspot of being selected for her presence of mind in spotting a weakness within the company.If you give an example on why the company needs your expertise or where the company is currently facing an issue, your hiring manager may just find you interesting enough to shortlist your name.4 MISTAKES TO AVOID WHEN ANSWERING THE QUESTIONMistake 1. Too GenericOften when hiring managers are interviewing candidates, they are used to hearing vague and over enthusiastic responses from desperate job-hungry entrants that don’t really answer the question.Answers li ke “Because it’s the best company to work for and I would be great for this position.” â€" aren’t really what the hiring manager wants to hear. You need to describe what makes the company “best” and why your position would be “great” for the company.Generic responses usually showcase that the candidate has no idea about the company and that they haven’t done any background research.It’s an easy way for interviewers to reject the candidate upfront without needing to follow up with another interview round.Mistake 2. Inappropriate Humor“You guys look like you could need a hardworking professional like myself in this company” â€" A response such as this is sure to backfire, and you’ll be shown the door.Keep the humor down and don’t try to shame the company in a negative light.It’s alright to be a wise man and dim down the seriousness in an interview but trying to sound arrogant and obnoxious will hurt your chances big time.Introduce light humor such as “I wish I spent more time rehearsing in front of the mirror for the interview instead of showing up 2 hours before the interview time”.According to researcher Anindya Sen, humor has two representative sides â€" one that brings out the positive and cognitive response from listeners and other that isn’t necessarily accepted by a wide audience.Using this study, we can state that utilizing humor that is positive to the conversation is the right way to engage in dialogue with your interviewer.It’s alright to make snide remarks enough to lighten the mood. The interviewer will also identify the playful side of you and will certainly take into consideration your ability to lessen tension among the team members in the company.However, when you have no idea of the kind of humor that pushes the boundary too far, it’s best to follow a simplistic and disciplined approach and stick to the basics.Mistake 3. Being Too Honest“I desperately need the money and I am trying all the companies I c an for a job, your company just happens to be one of the many” â€" While being honest has its own perks, during an interview, its best to keep your personal interests to yourself and demonstrate your professional side to the interviewer.Every individual has financial constraints and by openly talking about your problems with your interviewer, you begin to demonstrate that the job takes 2nd fiddle to your financial problems.No company will hire an employee that is only looking to make their ends meet. Your interviewer is most likely going to sympathize with your situation but you’re never going to get a job.Ensure you focus on your professional side and offer your expertise while hiding your financial burden when talking about why you want to work with the company.Mistake 4. Stammering and Stuttering a LotBeing nervous is a part and parcel of being a human.Constantly stuttering and stammering portrays you as an individual that lacks confidence and the company will think twice bef ore they offer a position to a person that isn’t sure about what he wants.For example, take the role of an interviewer, imagine a candidate just walked into your office and you were presented with the following dialogue â€"You â€" “Welcome, Have a seat.”Candidate â€" “Uh….Thaaa..n…nk …yo..u..”You â€" “There’s absolutely no need to be nervous, so I’d like to know why do you want to work here?”Candidate â€" “Uh…yeaa…sure…Welll…I….lov …ee..um…to worrk in yourrr…..compan..ny be….ca..usee.” Can you see the problem here?If it’s taking the whole day to try and understand what a nervous candidate is talking about, imagine if they were hired and had to work with other team members in a live work environment â€" not going to happen!Brushing up on your communication skills is important, if you are prone to stammering in a nervous situation, it’s time to work on it. Changes such as â€"Rehearsing in front of the mirrorVisualizing an interviewWatc hing personality grooming videos or visiting personality workshops to improve your overall behaviorSAMPLE RESPONSES FOR “WHY DO YOU WANT TO WORK HERE”Response 1.“I’d like to provide my 5 years of marketing experience to a company that is renowned in the digital marketing world. Former employees have vouched for the values of the company and how candidates are encouraged to share their ideas to come up with new solutions for an ongoing project. It’s for this reason that I have picked your company as my preferred choice of employment.”Case ScenarioThe candidate in the following response identifies with the company as being a favorable place for employment.He feels the company offers employees with the freedom to come up with their own unique ideas to contribute without being restricted by the senior management and hence, he prefers to work in a company that promotes creativity.The candidate also mentions that former employees have provided valuable positive feedback about the company and this helped him make a decision in seeking employment with the respective organization.The hiring manager now understands that the candidate has over 5 years of experience in his field along with a valid reason for working in the company.Response 2.“I read about the company’s recent achievements in Business Week’s featured article and how the organization rewards hard-working employees with company stocks. I consider myself an innovator and my resume has all my accomplishments listed, I hope I too can someday be a part of the hardworking team that has made the company a shining success”Case ScenarioThe candidate is looking to provide his expertise and hopes to become a hardworking member of the team to receive a small portion of the company’s shares. Immediately the hiring manager understands that the candidate in question is looking to work for a longer duration to achieve the necessary accomplishments.Another reason to impress the interviewer is the fact that the candidate is well-read and up-to-date with the latest articles in magazines.Being alert and updated with news is a foremost quality that organizations tend to take notice while interviewing new recruits.Response 3.“I’ve got a proven track record and have experience in working with the latest innovative software related to the industry. I have experience in dealing with difficult working conditions and hence, can begin producing results within the 1st month of recruitment. For more information, you can inquire about my feedback from my past co-workers and senior managers on the quality of my work. The reason I want to join your company is to keep up-to-date with trends”Case ScenarioThis type of response oozes with confidence and the candidate is asking the hiring manager to contact any past managers and employees for a positive feedback.He also provides a track record on the portfolio for the hiring manager to validate.The response is great in demonstrating to your hir ing manager that there’s nothing to hide and everyone you’ve worked with can vouch for your good work ethics.The reason for joining the company is as simple as remaining relevant in the field and that you prefer working with companies that take current technology seriously. FINAL THOUGHTSThe question â€" “Why Do You Want to Work Here?” may seem simple enough to answer, however, on further inspection, many candidates have realized that by not being prepared they have lost a shot at the job for not being able to answer this very question.This is a topic that hiring managers will never stop asking as it can stump the dullest of candidates and bring out the best of answers from the prepared entrants.So be among the latter and prepare your own unique answer using the following advice and seal your position in the company.

The Transformation of Frankenstein into Modern Science

The transformation of Frankenstein into modern science Mary Shelly is the author of Frankenstein, which has been recognized in creating the oldest horror character to be used today, since 1817. Almost 200 years later human life has extended thanks to advances in medical technology. Extending human life or even creating life from death was the goal of Victor Frankenstein. Following in Frankenstein’s footsteps and passion, scientists at MIT are researching ways to advance human life. Frankensteins pursuit for prolonging human life to prevent future deaths of people all over the world who could not afford medical help and to eliminate the concept of death itself. Victor Frankensteins goal is to extend human life; scientists are now conducting the same type of research in cloning and regenerating missing or injured body parts to help mankind live longer and healthier. Victor’s original plan for creating the creature was to make a prototype to his idea of creating life from other human parts that have already died. I thought, that I could bestow animation upon lifeless matter, I might in process of time . . . renew life where death had apparently devoted the body to corruption (Shelley 40). All his collected parts made up the creature that is seen throughout the book. Victor Frankenstein knows it is the scientists responsibility to help mankind. However, if he is unable to discover something that will lay a base for other scientists he believes his work would beShow MoreRelatedEssay about Science and Realism933 Words   |  4 PagesScience and Realism In the course of this semester, we have read a number of stories that have one common element: science. In most of the stories, the science was hypothetical, but accurate, for the time and usually played an important part in the story. Today we know that most of these ideas range from simply being wrong to flat out impossible. When I say science I am referring to the sciences that are of a physical nature such as biology, chemistry, and physics. Psychology is also a scienceRead MoreFrankenstein: Technology1728 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein: Technology In Frankenstein or The Modern Prometheus, written in the late nineteenth century by Mary Shelley, Shelley proposes that knowledge and its effects can be dangerous to individuals and all of humanity. Frankenstein was one of our first and still is one of our best cautionary tales about scientific research.. Shelleys novel is a metaphor of the problems technology is causing today. 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The Mythology And Culture Of The Native American Indians

Introduction: All around the world many cultures may find the story of the creation myth, as well as have their own interpretation of it. The Native Americans have rich history and many myths, but the one legend that is common throughout every tribe is the creation myth. The mythology and culture of the Native Americans was influenced strongly by the Creation myth, which was the foundation of many other myths related to various aspects of the natural world. In Native American mythology, Fred Ramen says of the Native American Indians, â€Å"Their creation myths are notable for two reasons: the stories explain how people came to this world from some other, magical place, and they detail a close cooperation between animals and humans† (19).†¦show more content†¦Most entities are known for seeding this planet in which are environment is experienced by the magic illusion of time and emotion. â€Å"A myth is symbolic narrative, usually of unknown origin and at least partl y traditional, that ostensibly relates actual events and that is especially associated with religious belief. It is distinguished from symbolic behavior and symbolic places or objects† (â€Å"Mythology,† par. 3). â€Å"All mythology has a basis in the creational myths of each culture, representing by the duality of our reality† (â€Å"Mythology,† par. 2). The myths of every culture are reflected in different stories but all the stories have the same creational force. This meaning the interpretation of a myth may be different but they are all based on the same idea. â€Å"The Myth of Creation is the symbolic narrative of the beginning of the world as understood by a particular community† (Britannica Encyclopedia). The term myth pertains to the imaginative expression in narrative form of what is experienced as basic reality and the term creation pertains to the beginning of things. The cornerstone to the Native American Indians cultures is their creat ions myths. Looking closely into one specific tribe from both the earth diver and emergence myths, the earth diver creation myth is found through the Cherokee Indian tribe and the emergence creation myth is found through the Navajo Indian tribe. Earth

The Scarlet Letter Intro Essay Free Essays

In the sixteenth century. Puritans immigrated to America from Great Britain in order to get away spiritual persecution. and by the mid seventeenth century they had erected a good established society based on their theological beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Intro Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Puritan faith was one of asceticism and geared towards religious devotedness instead than secular ownerships. Puritans followed stiff Torahs which seldom changed with clip. They besides had small tolerance for anyone who broke these Torahs. Persons who did go against these Torahs nevertheless. faced penalty on assorted degrees and would hold to turn out their penitence to themselves and society. The Scarlet Letter. set in mid seventeenth century Boston. portrays such signifiers of penitence from two positions. The writer. Nathaniel Hawthorne. constructs the secret plan to go around around the journey of penitence of two characters: Hester Prynne and Rev. Dimmesdale. Both characters have committed the profane wickedness of criminal conversation together. but merely Hester has been punished for it. whereas Dimmesdale has yet to be discovered for his engagement in the misbehavior. Hester’s terrible penalty is to transport the ageless load of the vermilion missive A. a symbol that apprises everyone of her position as an fornicator. and outcasts her from the remainder of society. Even though she is shunned by society. Hester still manages to commit Acts of the Apostless of repentance to expiate for her wickedness. However. Hester is non the lone character who seeks penitence ; Rev. Dimmesdale self-inflicts penalty as a signifier of repentance. Throughout the novel. both characters strive to accomplish true penitence. a feeling of compunction which comes from the psyche. Equally committed as they are to expiating for their wickedness. neither Hester nor Dimmesdale genuinely of all time make the province of penitence. Their failure to accomplish true penitence can be perceived through their similar ends of repentance and their different signifiers of penalty. Through the class of the novel. Hawthorne invariably evinces analogues and similiarities between the journeys of repentance of both Hester and Dimmesdale. Both journeys for penitence terminal in the same topographic point ; failure to experience compunction for their wickedness. In chapter 17. Hawthorne eventually brings Hester and Dimmesdale together in an confidant puting since their committing of criminal conversation. A actual and metaphorical symbol of their parallel journey. The lovers meet up in the wood. a dark topographic point symbolic of immorality. to talk in private for the first clip in old ages about their programs for the hereafter. Throughout the novel the reader has been able to track the Acts of the Apostless of repentance. nevertheless. it has ne’er been obviously stated that these Acts of the Apostless of repentance have been in vain and no true penitence has come from them. Hawthorne decides that in this chapter both characters will blatantly province the ir failure to repent. In this chapter. Hester states to Dimmesdale. â€Å"What we did had a consecration of its own† ( 203 ) . Hester has non merely failed to atone at this point. but she has besides stated that their criminal conversation has had a valid intent. Due to the fact that Pearl has come out of their fornication. she has non wronged in saying this but. any person who has genuinely repented for their action would be excessively contrite to warrant their misbehavior. Literary critic. Samuel Chase Coale. summarizes Hester’s vain journey for penitence by composing that â€Å"her public show of sorrow and repentance†¦ is in world a hollow rite. non echt penitence† ( Coale 37 ) . In analogue. Dimmesdale admits his deficiency of sorrow for his criminal conversation with Hester. Of the two. Dimmesdale journey has been the most strict in repentance. yet. like Hester. his journey of repentance has ended in failure. He openly admits. â€Å"Of repentance. I have had adequate! Of repentance. there has been none! † ( 200 ) . Dimmesdale does non experience the least spot regretful for his wickedness with Hester. Hawthorne parallels their journey for the end of penitence for 17 chapters. until he eventually brings about their ultimate failure. This length of clip allowed the reader to see two similar. coincident journeys which finally ends literally and metaphorically in one topographic point. failure in the wood. a topographic point of immorality. wickedness. and insincere repentance. Although both Hester and Dimmesdale have had a similiar end of true penitence. the inside informations of their journey are wholly different. Hawthorne structures the novel like this for assorted ground. the most obvious being redundancy. If Hawthorne had made Dimmesdale’s and Hester’s journey precisely likewise. the narrative would look highly excess and would lose the involvement of the reader. On the other manus. Hawthorne creates this contrast in their journeys in order to set up some societal commentary. He establishes a journey of repentance through two different struggles. individual vs. society and individual vs. ego. Hester repentance. of class. is established through individual vs. society. â€Å"Spatial relationships. those based on the arrangement of images within the text. uncover a set of constructions and codifications that embody the societal organisation of a community. both in footings of its political orientation and its civilization. How one is seen and for what reasons–and what is being seen–suggest the nature of societal powers at work in early Boston. Therefore when Hester emerges from the prison to stand â€Å"fully revealed† ( 52 ) before the crowd. she is traveling from enclosed darkness to open sunlight. from the present enclosure of her offense into the public regard that has branded her a felon. Hawthorne has made so much of the prison to get down with. nevertheless. that no affair how cherished â€Å"the unfastened air† now seems. to step from that prison and mount the scaffold is to travel from one enclosed infinite to another. each underscored by â€Å"the whole blue badness of the Puritanic codification of law† ( 52 ) as embodied in the people and the magistrates who fasten their â€Å"thousand unrelenting eyes† ( 57 ) upon her. Their eyes go our eyes. for we as readers are as interested in detecting the spectacle. in order to understand precisely what is traveling on. as they are. although unlike us they do so assured of justness in their regard. † In contrast. Dimmesdale. faces interna l struggle in the signifier of individual vs. ego. He self inflicts anguish as a signifier of his repentance in an effort to repent. Both supporter. Hester and Dimmesdale have failed to make a similar end of true penitence through really distinguishable journeys. 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Pike and Hunting Snake Comparison free essay sample

In the poems â€Å"The Hunting Snake† by Judith Wright and â€Å"Pike† by Ted Hughes a strong relationship between man and nature is explored and expressed. Judith Wright was an Australian poet, environmentalist and Aboriginal land rights campaigner. Ted Hughes was an English poet and children’s book writer. Themes discussed in his poems were mostly nature having being fascinated with them from an early age. He wrote frequently of the mixture of beauty and violence in the natural world. Both poets explore the appreciation that humans have for animals therefore creating a strong connection between the two. There is however a strong disconnection that is brought on by the fear and lack of understanding of the animal world that humans have. These traits are shown through the captivation of the characters in the poems as well as a complete terror that the animals give them. We see that the characters in both poems have a deep admiration and captivation towards both animals in the poems. We will write a custom essay sample on Pike and Hunting Snake Comparison or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In â€Å"Hunting Snake† we see that the snake seems to be bewitching the two characters as they are so engrossed in the snake and the splendour it has. â€Å"Still as we stood our eyes went with him as he went†. Here we see that although they are terrified and dare not move as to disturb the snake, they also want to follow the snakes actions and see what it is doing. As well as this, the humans depict the snake as royalty as seen in Stanza 2. â€Å"Quested†, â€Å"parting grass†, â€Å"glazed† and finally, â€Å"diamond scale† all show this. Quested, meaning on a mission of some purpose could portray the snake as being a knight on a journey. This also relates to the â€Å"curves of diamond scale† which could be to demonstrate the amour that a knight would usually wear. Glazed could possibly describe the amour as being shiny. Also, the way that the grass parts only for the snake could show that it is of some importance as it moves out of the way to let it through. In the poem â€Å"Pike†, we see this admiration and view of royalty and elegance again. â€Å"Tigering† and â€Å"stunned by their own grandeur† are just some of the words the poet used to describe the magnificent creature he sees. We see that the poet could be emphasising the eminence of the pike through the use of the word grandeur (grandeur meaning regal and royal). We also see this power through the use of the word â€Å"tigering† which refers to the tiger – which in the jungle is the king of its realm. The poet also uses the names of jewels and gems to express this. For example, â€Å"gold†, â€Å"emerald† and â€Å"amber†. The dominance is also shown through the use of the quote, â€Å"a hundred feet long in their world†. This is a hyperbole as in the first stanza the poet describes them as being only 3 inches long however he sees them as so fierce that they are a hundred feet. The poet also seems to be enchanted by the bloodthirsty and predatory nature of this animal. Along with the fascination that the people have for the animals there is also a certain fear and angst towards them. Both of the animals are characterised as dark and evil. They portray the antagonist in the narrative style of poem. The human characters (who are most likely the protagonist characters) feel inferior towards these dominant creatures and have a terror for the reality that is the fact that the animals have natural weapons and killer instincts. In â€Å"Hunting Snake† the two characters do not dare move or think of what the snake is up to on its â€Å"quest†. There are a few quotes which express this feeling – â€Å"we lost breath†, â€Å"fled†, â€Å"scarcely thought†, â€Å"still as we stood†, â€Å"cold, dark and splendid† and finally, â€Å"took a deeper breath of day†. The fact that the characters lose breath when the snake is present could show that they do not want to make even the slightest sound as it may pose a threat to the snake or make it aroused. When the snake goes away however they â€Å"take a deeper breath of day†. This could show the relief that they have as they are no longer prey for the snake but it is also a moment of appreciation, not just for the fact that they are safe from the snake but also for what they have just witnessed. It is an â€Å"epiphany† moment for them as they have just witnessed something rare that they think of life differently. Flee meaning run away from a place or situation of danger expresses the. This could relate to â€Å"scarcely thought†. In this situation the characters could think that they are going to be the victims or the prey of the snake, or that they don’t want to think of the horrible torture that the prey will endure. Either way it shows that they fear the snake and its hunter instinct. The word â€Å"froze† is also used to show the fear and stillness the characters have. Freezing being a result of extreme cold – the snake is later referred to as â€Å"cold†. Cold could also mean evil, wicked, etc. Originally the poet of â€Å"Pike† shows an admiration for the pike and its murderous personality as seen in the 4th stanza. During the 7th stanza we see that the poet begins to record experiences through anecdotes. In particular, this fear is shown in these last 5 stanzas. We see the strength of the cannibalistic nature and from that strength, the unease that comes with it. For example, â€Å"one jammed past its gills down the others gullet† and â€Å"iron† – both from stanza 7. We see here the brutal attack on one another. Iron is used to show the stubbornness and power that they have as iron is a strong and fixed material. We see fear in the last 3 stanzas through the story of the fisherman. The character describes the pike as â€Å"immense† – meaning extremely large and great. However, he describes himself as â€Å"frail† – meaning weak, vulnerable and delicate. This shows the contrast between the two characters and the dominance that the animal has. We also see fear through â€Å"dared not cast† and â€Å"for what might move†. Here we see that the fisherman does not want to cast in the water as it might stir the pike. This is similar to the stillness of the two people in â€Å"Hunting Snake†. We see that the fisherman wants to see the pike as he finds it magnificent but he doesn’t want to find it as of what may happen to him. The poet also uses the word â€Å"frozen† to depict fear. This could relate back to the â€Å"Hunting Snake† as in the first stanza the word â€Å"froze† is used to represent the fear that the people have for the snake. Finally, the poet says that â€Å"darkness had freed†. The darkness represents the pike. Darkness meaning absence of light – light is purity and positivity so here we see that the pike, again, is seen as evil and wicked. Once more, this relates to â€Å"Hunting Snake† as the snake is described as â€Å"black† and â€Å"dark†. In conclusion, the humans have a strong relationship with nature both for good and for bad. They have an attraction to these creatures that brings them delight or gives them a new perspective but they also have a lack of understanding due to the fear of approaching them and observing them closely.

Warwick Castle Essay Example

Warwick Castle Essay Example Warwick Castle Essay Warwick Castle Essay Warwick Castle Robert Craven and Stuart Chambers Warwick Castle the finest mediaeval castle in England. INTRODUCTION The Stratford-on-Avon and District Hotels and Caterers Association (SCATA) publishes a brochure which has described the Castle as follows; â€Å"This magnificent ancient Castle, situated at the very centre of England, is a treasure house of great beauty and splendid, rare quality collections of pictures, furniture, furnishings and an outstanding collection of arms and armour which bear witness to the power and influence of the Earls of Warwick down through the centuries. The beautiful grounds landscaped by Capability Brown, where peacocks roam freely, are a delight in all seasons. . . Excellent catering facilities are available all year round to suit every pocket and disposition, as well as several gift shops† Warwick Castle is less than two hours by road from London with easy access from all major cities by motorway, road and rail. This excellent infrastructure allows the area to be part of the itinerary of any visitor to the UK. The County of Warwickshire is lyrically described in the SCATA brochure: â€Å"Stratford-an-Avon and Shakespeares Country. When you think of England, and the very best of England, you are probably thinking about this fascinating region. Here in this most English of English landscapes, the broad rolling sweep of the Cotswolds, the classic half-timbered villages of the Vale of Evesham and leafy Warwickshire, there is an unparalleled variety of attractions. The birthplace of the worlds greatest dramatist, William Shakespeare; the finest mediaeval Castle and most-visited stately home at Warwick; Englands most magnificent palace at Blenheim; and the worlds most famous theatre in Stratford† THE CASTLE The Castle is part of the Tussauds Group, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pearson plc, which also owns the Financial Times Group and Royal Doulton among other varied interests. The Tussauds Group runs entertainment centres that include: Madame Tussauds, the famous waxworks in Baker Street, London; the London Planetarium and Laserium; the Royalty and Empire Exhibition at Windsor; Alton Towers, the UKs only world-rated leisure park; and Chessington World of Adventures and Zoo. The Castles General Manager, Martin Westwood, works in the stately home, from a majestic suite of offices overlooking the grounds. He is enthusiastic about the Castle both as a building steeped in history and as a business. In the relaxed atmosphere of his office, where he is surrounded by portraits and old paintings of the Castle, he refers to it as a brand leader in stately homes for it is in the top five most visited historic sites that charge entry fees (see Table 1). Table 1 Historic sites attracting more than 300,000 paid admissions 1 Tower of London 2 Roman Baths and Pump Room, Bath 3 State Apartments, Windsor 4 Stonehenge, Wiltshire 5 Warwick Castle 6 Shakespeares Birthplace, Stratford 7 Leeds Castle, Kent 8 Hampton Court Palace, near London 9 Tower Bridge, London 10 Blenheim Palace, Wood stock, Oxford 11 Beaulieu, Hampshire 12 Cutty Sark, Greenwich, London 13 St Georges Chapel, Windsor 14 Anne Hathaways Cottage, Stratford 15 HMS Victory, Portsmouth 16 Mary Rose, Portsmouth 17 Royal Pavilion, Brighton 18 Chatsworth House, Derbyshire 19 Hever Castle, Kent 20 Fountains Abbey, North Yorks. Paid admissions (000s) 2298 950 855 703 685 604 540 525 528 517 493 411 372 365 340 333 314 306 303 300 As you pass through the ticket office from the large car park you catch your first view of the Castle. The view truly takes your breath away and fully warrants the description given by Sir Walter Scott in 1828: the most noble sight in England. MARKETING Marketing Manager, Sarah Montgomery, is another enthusiast of the outstanding beauty of the Castle. Discussing the marketing of the business she considers that the Castles unique selling point must be that carried on all the promotional material: Warwick Castle the finest mediaeval castle in England. But she does not discount the Castles unique state of preservation, the breadth of attractions it offers, its location on the banks of the River Avon or its thousand-year span of history. In the year 1068 the first castle was built at Warwick and since that time it slowly developed into a mighty stronghold and later a grand mansion befitting the station of a high ranking nobleman. . In November 1978 the present Earl sold Warwick Castle and its contents to Madame Tussauds of London. The Castles marketing team recognised that the Castle attracted a diverse audience, each segment of which wanted different things from a visit. So in targeting audiences the team had to decide whether it was trying to sell the Castle aspect, the stately home aspect or the gardens. It was felt that all thre e areas attracted different audiences and conjured up different expectations. Research had established that from the publics point of view castles were not associated with grounds and formal gardens, and neither were they associated with the notion of being someones home. On the other hand, stately homes were associated with grounds and gardens but were felt to be formal and museum-like, with ropes keeping the public away from the interesting areas. So, was the most visited Stately Home in Britain really a castle, or was the Castle also a stately home? This conundrum had to be solved. The Castle management has a deliberate policy of charging one overall admission charge for all areas of the Castle and Grounds open to visitors. In the past they had considered charging separate admission prices for the Castle and the Grounds but this, it was felt, would confuse the customer. (See Figure 1 for price and attraction details. ) The Castle regularly has detailed market research questionnaires compiled by an outside company. Sarah said that market research is taken very seriously by the team: â€Å"On average, overseas visitors represent 42 per cent of the total. Twenty-five per cent of our customers seem to come in groups of greater than 20 and these groups are predominantly from overseas. On the other hand, 58 per cent of visitors come from the UK, of which roughly half come from within a 100 km radius of the site. Another interesting point is that 25 per cent of all customers are repeat visitors which we feel reflects the popularity of the Castle. With UK visitors 33 per cent are repeats. Of the nonlocals, that is UK residents from outside the 100 km radius, 78 per cent stay overnight in the area and the remainder have travelled over 100 km to visit the area for the day. With the recent opening of the M 40 motorway into London (approximately180 km} it is felt that travel time may be a more important factor to consider than distance travelled in kilometres† Figure 1 Admission Rates and attractions at Warwick Castle The data are collected over a period of days, and the market research reports sent to Sarah include not only the profile of visitors but what parts of the Castle they visit. The popularity of various parts of the complex varies according to how busy the site is. For instance, on a quiet day 87 per cent might visit the Private Apartments, but on a busy day this igure drops to 68 per cent. Likewise, during one such busy period, the visitors to the Woodland Gardens increased from 17 per cent to 20 per cent, to the Mound from 46 per cent to 52 per cent, and to the River Island from 34 per cent to 40 per cent. On average, visitors stayed on the site for three hours. Coach parties tended to visit for three hours, probably because the Castle was part of a full-day, tightly scheduled excursion that included other nearby tourist attractions. Competition for the paying tourists disposable cash was quite fierce in the area, it was felt. Other sites competing for the leisure pound were the Black Country Museum, Drayton Manor (Adventure) Park, West Midlands Safari Park, Cadbury World, Blenheim Palace, Alton Towers Theme Park, Ironbridge, Stratford’s Shakespeare and Chatsworth House in Derbyshire. In the Undercroft Restaurant marketing researchers overheard an elderly professor in conversation with a friend he had encountered in the Castle grounds: â€Å"I came early in the morning to avoid the rush. Any major historic tourist site is going to be heaving by midday in the summer and personally I hate all the queuing and tourists with cameras and all that. I got here at about 10 a. m. when the place opened this morning. I was able to enjoy the pure magic of the building with relatively few other people around. By lunch-time the queues were what I felt to be unreasonably long, but it is August and this must surely be their peak time here. I do wonder, for instance, should they not encourage more visitors out of season and what about allowing people to visit early morning or in the evening to avoid the lunch-time crush? † MANAGING DEMAND Warwick Castle brochures show a wide variety of activities that supplement turnover outside the peak season. According to Sarah, this literature was intended to push up the shoulders of demand: Every Friday and Saturday evening the Undercroft provides the setting for splendid five-course mediaeval banquets recreating the eve of the Battle of Agincourt. . A special events calendar has been published (see Figure 2). The Warwick Arts Festival uses the Castle as a venue in the evenings for a week in July. Exclusive tours of the Castle, and separately of the Gardens, are run by experts for pre-booked groups. These are available during the periods October to March, and March to November respectively, except during school half-term holidays and bank holidays. As a profit centre for the Pearson Group, the Castle is given targets that increase at a rate exceeding inflation. From these, prices are derived based on product developments, the prices that competitors are charging and known external factors that may affect demand (such as exchange rates and elections! ). The Castle expected between 700,000 and 800,000 visitors in the next year and profit projections were made based on these estimates. All catering facilities are run by the Castle, recognising franchising to another company would result in lost control and reduce potential to participate in profitable activities. Martin Westwood commented on fluctuations in demand: â€Å"Staffing varies relatively little with demand. It is felt that once the basic positions around the Castle are attended by staff, there is little that an additional staff member can provide. Winter weekends attract more visitors than winter weekdays, such that Saturday and Sunday combined turnover is the same as the other five days of the week put together. In summer things are more even, a Saturday or a Sunday being equivalent to two weekdays, although Sunday is usually busier than Saturday† Figure 2 Warwick castle Special Events Calendar BUSINESS OBJECTIVES Martin is clear that the Castles prime objective is to achieve growth in earnings per share for its shareholders. At the same time he emphasizes the sense of responsibility the management feels as custodians of this precious monument to work within it and use integrity and sensitivity at all times. Hence all signs, directions and facilities take a very low profile. Flashing neon lights are not the order of the day! Sarah Montgomery commented on the need to underplay the commercial side of the organisation: â€Å"Coca-Cola have offered us a sponsorship deal. They will give us money for a particular project which will increase our revenue and also the number of visitors we are getting. The problem is that Coke is the epitome of youth and fizz while the Castles target market is adults ABC 1, average age somewhere around 45! So how do we pull this deal together? † It is the integrity of the business in which the management take pride. It is not any business site but a very special building that is loved and cherished by the staff. Their constant concern is how to run a business from the Castle without destroying the charm and romance of the buildings, and without covering it with obtrusive signs and facilities. All staff are very polite and courteous and, though they are available to the public, tend not to interfere with the customers visit. In fact they blend in with visitors as they wear little that suggests they are actually staff. And when the Castle is relatively empty of visitors it has a really enchanting atmosphere. PERFORMANCE Evaluation of the performance of the business has difficulties. On the one hand, queues are an obvious problem (see Table 2) but then the customers do not seem to mind too much! Above all, the business is going from strength to strength, and achieving healthy profit performance. So, while the criticisms have to be noted, management has been achieving the high returns and growth that the shareholders require. Table 2 Observations of queuing and flow, Tuesday afternoon Queue to Private Apartments (number of people) 1. 00pm 130 1. 20 147 1. 40 128 2. 00 153 2. 20 132 2. 40 119 3. 00 137 Flow through doors to Private Apartments (number of people) 1. 00-1. 20 104 1. 20-1. 40 113 1. 40-2. 0 107 Flow from Private Apartments and State Rooms (number of people) 1. 00-1. 20 127 1. 20-1. 40 117 1. 40-2. 00 121 Queue to Rampart Walk 0-20 people at anyone time Number of people entering Rampart Walk 1. 40-1. 50 174 Queue at top of ramparts to get down (number of people) 6 minutes 63 Martin Westwood was defensive on the question of queues: â€Å"What popular to urist attraction doesnt have queues, and in any case, the queues here move pretty quickly. If we get queues for one part of the Castle we simply put out a sign suggesting people move on to the next attraction, although, to be frank, that doesnt really work. You see, the trouble is, that once people see a queue they dont want to miss out so they still join on the end of it. Our marketing questionnaires (see Appendix 1) suggest that weve got the operation about right, but theres always room for some improvement† The Professor in the Undercroft Restaurant had raised several issues connected with this: â€Å"The Castle really is in a unique condition of preservation. Its truly marvellous but I wouldnt seriously consider visiting it in the peak season. I just happen to be in the area because were going over to Stratford tonight to see Twelfth Night at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre. Im really looking forward to it! I wonder why they dont have off-peak rates for those not visiting around midday and maybe open earlier and close later. I would be more than happy to spend more time on the site if it werent for all the other tourists everywhere. And another thing, couldnt they do a package deal with the theatre at Stratford? Im sure a lot of visitors here also go there. In fact, I would pay a premium price to have the Castle almost to myself. For instance, Id find it simply delightful to sip a Pimms or a gin and tonic in the grounds as the sun went down. I know that I am rambling but I am sure theres a way to re-jig the prices so that the site basically generates more income throughout the year. And even if you say they do things out of season Ive not heard about them, so whats the use of publicity if it doesnt reach the people that want to spend money? † Sarah Montgomery, mindful of the need to keep a close eye on customers diverse requirements, often talked to individuals at the exit. A transcript of one such encounter is reproduced in Appendix 2. APPENDIX 1 MARKETING QUESTIONNAIRE OF RANDOM SAMPLE OF PEOPLE LEAVING WARWICK CASTLE Age range 0-5 6-15 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-55 56-65 66+ 7 37 27 25 34 17 20 33 Area of origination Local (within 100 km) UK (outside 100 km) Europe (excl. UK) USA/Canada S. America Australia Africa Asia Other/unspecified Length of stay in area Day trip 1-3 days 4-7 days 8+ days Method of transport Coach trip Own transport Hire car Public transport Other (bicycles etc. ) 37 27 25 47 3 11 5 14 2 96 50 13 5 96 74 31 20 12 Did you find that you had to queue very much? Yes 186 No 12 No comment 2 Did you feel that the queues were the same as other large tourist sites? Same 190 Better 4 Worse 6 Did you visit? State Rooms and Great Hall The Private Apartments The Watergate (Ghost) Tower The Armory The Dungeon The Torture Chamber The Gatehouse and Barbican 191 190 31 104 193 183 87 Guys Tower, the Rampart Walk and Clarence Tower The Victorian Rose Garden The Peacock Gardens The Conservatory The River Island Foxes Study and Cedar Walk Pageant Field The Mound Refreshment Stall Stables Restaurant and Tearoom Undercroft Restaurant The Bookshop Did you.. .? Bring your own picnic Did you see the Red Knight Did you buy a brochure How long have you spent at the Castle? hours Is this your first visit? Yes No Would you visit again? Yes No Maybe Dont know 186 103 117 102 57 31 101 54 118 52 71 62 32 81 99 5 67 75 37 16 148 52 144 31 23 2 APPENDIX 2 TRANSCRIPT OF A CONVERSATION WITH A VISITOR Christabelle Trymko, Oldbury-on-Severn, Gloucester We got here at about midday. We came up for the day from Gloucestershire. It was quite a good trip and the kids behaved t hemselves in the car. We had heard a lot about the Castle from some friends who have just moved up to Stratford, which is just down the road from Warwick. The Castles in superb condition! You dont know what its going to be like until you get past the ticket office and it really is amazing. It has been kept in impeccable condition, and the gardens are beautiful as well as being far less crowded than the Castle. There were too many people in and around the Castle. The queues were an irritation but I parked my husband in the queue and took the kids elsewhere until he was near the front and then we joined him. I think a few people got upset because we seemed to be pushing in, but Im not prepared to wait with three children in long queues in the sun. Mind you, its nothing like the queues at Madame Tussauds in London, they really are crazy. I didnt realise quite how big the grounds were. If I had known I think we would have spent longer at Warwick Castle and made a full day of it. We should have come here at about ten and then spent the whole day here. That way the queues inside the Castle would have been shorter for us. The grounds are lovely and theyve got special picnic areas which I thought was a nice idea. (I wish wed brought a picnic. ) Mind you, it does seem to be more than a bit light on entertainment for the kids. Nicky loved the man with the wonderful moustache dressed up in full Crusader uniform on the horse. He was very good with the kids. Nicky also liked the waxworks in the Private Apartments place. The queue wound its way up, down and around the place but apart from mild feelings of claustrophobia (thats my problem, I suppose) it went at about the right speed and I guess it lasted a bit under an hour. Oh yes, the Ra mpart Walk, they ought to warn you about just how many stairs you have to climb. I mean, I know there is a sign but you dont take it seriously, do you! You go up and up and then theres that great spiral staircase up the inside of that tower, I wont do that again in a rush! But it was worth it for the view. All in all it was a good day. More interesting than the average castle and not full of the usual touristoriented rubbish associated with tourist attractions. The commercial side is very much underplayed and I like that. You dont feel obliged to buy ice creams and tee-shirts and pencils and tea towels. Maybe some of the signs were a bit too discreet we had to ask where the toilets were but it makes a pleasant change. Also I like the one price for everything. At other places, I object to paying an admission charge and then paying on top of that for particular attractions. You always feel mean if you dont pay up, and then you also feel that you might be missing something. No, Id recommend the place and its so much less hassle than the tourist places in London which you almost feel obliged to visit every so often. This case is from : Cases in Operations Management (Second edition) Johnston, Chambers, Harland, Harrison, Slack, FT Prentice Hall 1997

Is Grade Inflation inHigh School Real

Is Grade Inflation inHigh School Real SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips High school grades are very important in the college application process, but they may not always be the most accurate reflection of a student’s abilities. Grade inflation is a problem in many high schools, and it can result in issues down the line in terms of college performance and admissions chances. In this article, I’ll go through what grade inflation is and how it affects you as a high school student. What Is Grade Inflation? Unfortunately, grade inflation is not when your teacher decides to give you a balloon with your grade written on it instead of a report card (that would be kind of nice because even if you did badly, hey, a balloon).Grade inflation is when average grades are skewed artificially high because class assessments are too easy and/or teachers are too lenient. If grades are inflated because a teacher is an easy grader, the average grade for a class will not accurately reflect the quality of the students’ work.A student might get an A on a project that really deserved no more than a B.If grades are inflated because a teacher gives easy assignments, the average grade will only reflect students’ ability to complete simple tasks and not an understanding of the complexities of the material.Often, both of these problems are present at once in the case of classes that have severe grade inflation. Grade inflation happens for several reasons.High schools want to look good in comparison to other schools with less grade inflation, so it’s beneficial for them to give out high grades even if those grades are not fully earned.This makes the student body look more high-achieving and the teachers appear more effective.Some teachers may also avoid giving low grades because kids and parents will complain and make more trouble for the teacher than it’s worth. Teachers might also give higher grades to students who haven’t fully earned them because they don’t want to ruin students’ chances for college or prevent them from participating in extracurricular activities.Since a much higher percentage of students attend college nowadays, it makes sense that average grades have risen significantly.A decent GPA is critical if a student hopes to be accepted to college, and teachers don’t want to ruin anyone’s future. Grade inflation? Is Grade Inflation a Problem in High Schools? Overall, yes, grade inflation is an ongoing issue in high schools.This is not to say that all grades in high school are inflated; situations vary significantly from school to school and also between classes in the same schools.Based on the data, however, we can see a general trend towards higher average high school grades over the years. From 1990 to 2009, average high school GPA increased by .33 points for female students (from a 2.77 to a 3.1) and .31 points for male students (from a 2.59 to a 2.9). In 2007, the National Household Education Survey reported that 81% of high school students receive mostly As and Bs in their classes.The average high school GPA is now around a 3.0, which translates to a B average. High schools don’t want to look like they’re performing poorly in comparison to the competition, so they may give students more slack to avoid high numbers of failing grades or a larger percentage of dropouts. Is Grade Inflation a Problem at Colleges? It’s not just high schools that struggle with grade inflation.Colleges are even worse offenders, and it’s often the most selective colleges that have the biggest problems with grade inflation.The average GPA at four-year colleges is around a 3.1, but grades may be more or less inflated based on the school you attend and the major you study.For example, the average GPA for education majors is a 3.36 while the average GPA for chemistry majors is a 2.78.Overall, humanities majors have higher GPAs on average.As I mentioned, highly selective private colleges tend to have the worst grade inflation. The average GPA at Stanford is a 3.55!You can learn more about average college GPAs in this article. Grade inflation is more of a problem in college for several reasons.Professors are sometimes judged based on student feedback, and students who earn poor grades often blame the professor or criticize the class in retaliation. This happens mostly with adjunct professors who have semester-long contracts that may or may not be renewed based on their performance. Bad reviews can be very harmful to new professors who are vulnerable in their careers. Students and parents also expect high grades so that they can feel like they’re getting the most for their money (this partially explains why expensive private colleges have more problems with grade inflation).Professors also don’t want to ruin students’ chances in the job world or the graduate school application process.Since the world has normalized Bs as average, giving out lower grades can do a lot of damage to a student’s future. I THINK this book is satire, but I'm not totally sure. Some people have a weird fascination with preppiness.Also, what's more inflated at private schools? The grades or the egos? Zing! What Are the Consequences of Grade Inflation? Grade inflation in high schools has numerous positive and negative repercussions for students.It is a problematic trend in general, but it can provide some benefits to students who are struggling. The Positives: More Students Have a Chance of Attending College Grade inflation in a high school means that more students will have good GPAs and better chances of attending higher education institutions.Of course, since colleges know that grade inflation exists, many have adopted higher admissions standards. However,in schools with grade inflation, more students will meet the bare minimum requirements for getting into college. Students with GPAs that are above a 2.0 (or a C average) in high school can usually expect to be admitted to at least one less selective college as long as their test scores aren’t extremely low.This means that even students who perform at a level significantly below average in high school have a chance of attending college.Some students end up doing much better in college than in high school because they’re more interested in what they’re studying and are less distracted by problems at home. Students Are Less Likely to Give Up on Education If you’re failing a class, it can be tempting to say â€Å"I’m not cut out for this† and stop trying or drop out of school completely.Since teachers are giving out fewerfailing grades, this is less common now than it was even twenty years ago.The overall high school dropout rate fell from 12 percent in 1990 to just 6 percent in 2013. Earning a high school diploma at minimum is very important for future employment prospects.Many students who otherwise would have failed out of school may have access to a more promising future because of various forms of grade inflation.This is not to say that the lowering of the dropout rate is solely due to grade inflation.Grade inflation is just one of the contributing factors to a positive educational trend. Your kindergarten diploma can only get you so far. You have to know the names of WAY more shapes to function in the adult world. The Negatives: It’s Harder for Top Students to Stand Out When grade inflation is an issue, it means that it’s more difficult to differentiate between students.Since so many people get high grades, it can be hard to separate relatively average students from excellent students.Grades only go up so high, and if you lower the ceiling, more people are going to be able to reach it.This can be harmful because it prevents students with lots of potential from distinguishing themselves and may damage their chances of getting into selective colleges.Grade inflation gives even the highest grades less significance in the eyes of admissions officers. Colleges Have to Rely More Heavily on Test Scores If admissions officers notice that a high school has GPA distribution patterns that indicate grade inflation (like a higher than normal percentage of students earning As in most of their classes), it’s hard for them to separate the average students from the great students without using test scores.This means that the admissions decision will rely less on GPA and more on test scores, which can be detrimental for some students. For example, a student might be very academically driven but earn a mediocre standardized test score because they didn’t have time to prep effectively.This student would be penalized by grade inflation because their high GPA wouldn’t mean as much in the eyes of colleges.He or shewould be seen as a less qualified applicant than other students with slightly higher scores but average academic ability masked by grade inflation. Colleges are looking for quality, and test scores are an easy way for them to make judgments. Every admissions office is also haunted by a strange blue and white figure known only as "The Gradient." Sometimes when they work late, admissions officers can hear him whisper "quality" softly into their ears. Schools With Less Grade Inflation May Be Penalized One of the reasons why grade inflation has continued to rise is because schools fear that they will fall behind if they don’t conform to new GPA standards.Students at a school with severe grade inflation may look better on paper to colleges than students at a school without grade inflation even if both groups have exactly the same ability level.This means that schools are pressured to adopt lower standards for high grades so that they can maintain a good reputation and avoid putting their students at a disadvantage. Students Are More Unprepared for College When high school grades are inflated, students end up with a skewed idea of the amount of effort they need to put into their schoolwork in order to get good grades.They may be earning high grades for work that is barely up to the basic standards at some colleges. This can lead to a very tough academic adjustment period at the beginning of college.Students are often discouraged when they find that they can’t get the same results in college classes as they did in high school.They may not know how to study or write effectively because their growth in these areas was stunted by classes in high school that were too easy. Unprepared students vs. the college workload: a truly Sisyphean journey How Can You Tell If Your School Has Grade Inflation, and What Should You Do About It? It should be relatively easy to figure out whether your high school is a part of the grade inflation trend. If you look up the average GPA for your school online and find that it's a 3.0 or higher, your school has a higher than average rate of grade inflation. This also depends on whether your school uses weighted or unweighted GPAs. If it uses weighted GPAs, it's reasonable to expect the average GPA to be slightly higher. If your school has problems with grade inflation, don't worry too much about making big changes to your academic strategies. However, there are certain things that are even more important for students who go to high schools with significant grade inflation. Taking difficult classes is always a good idea if you hope to be admitted to selective colleges, but it's even more critical at this type of high school. If most students' grades are artificially high, the best way to show that you're a cut above is to take the most demanding courses you can. Even if grade inflation is a problem, high grades in these courses will carry significantly more weight with colleges and will show that you went the extra mile to challenge yourself. Standardized test scores are also more important if you go to a school with grade inflation. If colleges can't fully trust your grades to give them an accurate picture of your academic abilities, they will look more closely at your test scores. It's a good idea to prepare extensively for the SAT or ACT so that you end up with an impressive score that validates your high GPA. Go forth and conquer the college application process! Also, if you recognize the hairy arm in this picture, please notify the police - this guy is wanted for the murder of the Sun. Conclusion Grade inflation is a problem in high schools across the country.The average grades of high school students have risen significantly over the past twenty years.This is a result of increased competition amongst high schools as more students go on to attend college. Avoiding handing out bad grades is often advantageous for the administration, but it can hurt students down the road in some cases.Although grade inflation may allow more students to attend college, it also means that they're underprepared and are judged less accurately in the admissions process.Grade inflation makes it difficult for admissions officers to assess student abilities and reach validconclusions. Grade inflation may or may not be a big problem at your high school. To combat its negative effects, keep challenging yourself academically, and don't get too comfortable with an easy A! What's Next? Are you concerned about your academic performance in high school? Here's a step by step guide to calculating your GPA based on your grades so farand some advice on how to improve before you apply to college. How do you know if your GPA is good enough? Check out this article to find out what a good or bad GPA might mean for you. You can also read our expert guide on which classes you should take in high school to learn more about structuring your schedule. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

LITERATURE REVIEW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

LITERATURE REVIEW - Essay Example According to Gupta (2012), the systolic BP as well as the heart rate of old people is higher as compared to their counterparts who are in pre-retirement age. He attributes the above physiological characteristics to increased stress, anxiety, and depression amongst the old people. He argues that participation in cognitive activities could help old people counterweigh the physiological factors. Rockwood, Mitnitski and Rockwood (2010), did a research to test if deficit accumulation leads to loss of redundancy. They tested the relationship between age and FI-CGA. They found out that deficit accumulation decreases with increasing frailty, a state of helplessness arising due to old age. Nelson et al (2007) posit that the older people require to be engaged in exercise to improve their health as they age. Their report argues that America incurs a lot of cost treating the old people of diseases resulting from inactivity. They thus recommend inclusion of exercise programs for the old to help o ffset ailments such as cardiovascular complications, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, cancers such as of colon and breast. Additionally they argue that exercise helps reduce stress and depression, which trigger other diseases. Psychological Characteristics Loneliness, which is a common aspect characterizing the life of most old people is a major cause of many psychological as well as physiological problems. In most cases, loneliness contributes to depression, which is associated with declined cognitive capability particularly among the old people. Luanaigh & Lawlor (2008) suggest the need for research on possible interventions that could be used to decrease loneliness amongst the old. Dozeman et al (2009) suggest that old people, particularly those above 75 years are more vulnerable to depression. Their study on the prevalence of depressive symptoms across different ages showed that clinically related depressive symptoms are considerably high amongst the old people. They claim that such depressive symptoms are disadvantageous because they lead to reduced quality of life and make the old persons vulnerable to other conditions such as dysthymia. Sociological Characteristics According to Eliutina (2012), the problems faced by the old couples have received minimal attention by researchers. Their study showed that the number of old couples has decreased rapidly over the recent past due to increased death rate of men. After the death of their spouses, few widows choose to remarry due to fear of divorce. Additionally, the study revealed that old couples are often despised by the society and are given minimal attention. The old thus end up suffering of depression. The old couples are also likely to face individual differences among themselves, which call for the need for sociopsychological support programs to help the old people. Since most old people suffer from physiological as well as psychological problems, there is need for establishment of social programs such a s physical fitness programs to aid the old persons in the society (Meadows, Marechal & Catalan, 1998). Current Health and Activity Status When people get older, they become frail and dependent. Gurina, Frolova & Degryse (2011) categorize the health problems facing the old people. T

THE ROLE OF FILM IN SOCIETY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

THE ROLE OF FILM IN SOCIETY - Essay Example Sol Worth opened a school and did a study on films, naming the study as â€Å"Visual Communication.† He came across several important aspects and led the students into a world full of excitement and charm. His study revealed that the basic notion of a film usually derives from personal interests and personal skills and termed such kind of films as biodocumentary. Jumping into a brief description of biodocumentary films, such films do not require any special skills or filmmaking experience and therefore can be made by any person possessing sufficient skills to make a film. Worth came up with the conclusion that photography and filmmaking are the only and the best way to preserve historical, cultural, or political records for everyone. This shows the importance of film in every society, as films present a physical outlook of everything, which can be left unfelt in words. For instance, if films are made on every culture, then it will be really easy to compare one culture with ano ther! (Gross (Intro), 1996). Making films is an art which involves portraying real life emotions and events like love, hatred, happiness, life, death and so forth. The film industry history dates back to more than eighty years, and during all these years, films are recognized as different elements like art, communication, a social trend and finally as television. Films hold a significant place in any society or environment since it best conveys the different phases of lives, its difficulties and everything else. Just like painting and music reflects certain levels of mood and charm, films represent all such things in much more depth gripping everyone tightly to them. Films can be considered as being the most efficient form of conveying a certain message to a large crowd of audience (Gross (Intro), 1996). Jumping back to the starting era of filmmaking, it can be said that the

Marketing plan for indian bottled water company

Marketing plan for indian bottled water company This marketing plan is a part of a larger business plan that the team thought of during preliminary discussions. The idea of introducing flavored water in the market emerged from the Indias urban residents are becoming increasingly health conscious. In fact, Off-trade constant value sales of bottled water are predicted to grow by an 18% CAGR over the forecast period 2009 and 2014(source Euromonitor).FMCG players have responded by re-examining their ingredient strategies and formulations to ensure that they suit new healthy habits. Urban consumers are increasingly on the hunt for substitute for carbonated drink creating new market opportunities for an array of suppliers. The current flavored water market is highly unorganized with major manufactures being in-house chefs and roadside vendor. They supply to local hotels, sweet shops and are now slowly moving into supplying to organized retailers. We recommend the Indian Parle a FMCG giant to venture in the untapped flavored market to get first mover advantage in India. The established AquaFina brand can be used to launch the product. The end consumer is from 0 80 years as water is meant from infant to everyone. There is an opportunity to position and offer premium and differentiated water in India today. Water has to be scaled higher in terms of positioning both from functionality perspective, as well as from a lifestyle perspective. Key statistics of the Indian bottle water market: Situational Analysis The flavored market in India is small, only about Rs 11 crore out of the total bottled water market of about Rs 1,100 crore. But many small market segments have been known to explode with the entry of good products. For example, enhanced and flavored waters were just $ 234 million in the US in 2000. By 2010, the category is projected to grow to $ 8.6 billion and is the fastest growing beverage category The 2009 India Soft Drinks Report indicates that carbonated beverages consumption is declining in India for consecutive years since 2007. Packaged water growth projections, however, are in excess of 40 per cent, with still drinks (Frooti, Maaza and others) growing at under 10 per cent. Parles Bisleri, PepsiCos Aquafina and Cokes Kinley at present rule the lower end of the Indian packaged water category, priced as they are between Rs 10 and Rs 14 for a 1 litre bottle. The top end is dominated by imported brands like GroupeDanones mountain water brand Evian and Nestles sparkling water brand Perrier, priced between Rs 80 and Rs 110 a litre. Himalayan costs Rs 25 a bottle. Flavored water falls in the mid-priced segment of the bottled water category. Competition Coca-Cola is expected to launch Bonaqua. Globally, Bonaqua sells sparkling flavored water in ranging from strawberry, litchi, apple and mint to lemon and lime. Coca-Cola already sells in India the bottled water brand Kinley. Tata Tea is also looking to extend Himalayan into flavored water. PepsiCo too is believed to be planning to extend its bottled water brand, Aquafina, into flavored water. Nestle executives refused to comment. Aqua Montana India recently launched a carbonated niche drink, Slim and energy drink, Explode and is also looking to make a foray in the flavored water space. Customer In terms of the socio-economic factors, Indian lifestyle is undergoing a massive socioeconomic change, which is also being reflected in food habits. People want value for time, money in terms of quality and variety. The scenario in India is alarming with respect to increasing cases of obesity. According to a research conducted by NHFS (National Health and Family Survey), obesity has already affected 12.1 percent males and 16 percent females of the country ¡Ã‚ ¯s total population, and the percentage is growing rapidly.. The need to shift to healthy drinks from high-sugar containing beverages that can be achieved through consuming flavored water is really important to control obesity. Collaboration Parle can collaborate with the restraunts and wedding houses for placing it in their complimentary drink menu It can collaborate with IRCTC to provide bottled water in railways It can collaborate with airlines to place it in airports and provide it during travel Parle can work with the health care awareness committee like NHFS to highlight the importance of shifting from high calorie drinks to low calories drinks Channel No matter how strong the top of the mind is, brands in this category are consumed depending on shelf space availability and chill space availability. Thus it has to flood all possible channel Marketing Objectives As suggested by the Ansoff Growth Matrix, our strategy would be one of Product development and to some extent that of Diversification. This would entail the following: Increase the market share This can be achieved by a combination of competitive pricing strategies, advertising, sales promotion and perhaps more resources dedicated to key account selling Target increased usage by potential customers, e.g. Introducing frequent buyer schemes, loyalty schemes To drive sales, we could also consider the following: Innovative product dimensions or packaging: e.g. offering combo packs, family packs, increasing pack size. Proper mix of distribution channels, e.g. making it available in up market supermarkets, kirana stores, confectionaries, canteens and railways and airlines Different pricing policies to attract different customers or create new market segments, e.g. large size packs could be sold at prices the consumers deem economical. Introduction of niche segment variant like flavored water for infant -This may require the development of new competencies and communications mix accordingly. The plan deals with the changes that can be brought about to introduce the new product, packaging, distribution, pricing and communications mix to ensure better awareness as well as capture a significant amount of the target Since we are positioning the Sheetal as a healthy substitute for other beverages, the following excerpt from Euromonitor report on packaged foods strengthens the future prospects of this product. Health-based drinks have increased in favor in 2009. Capitalizing on the social acceptance of conspicuous consumption, so long as health was not compromised, companies launched a wide array of products across categories. Products highlighting health, such as energy bars and drinks, digestive biscuits, and healthier edible oils, all found ready takers, even as brands jostled for differentiation Financial Objectives To achieve a crore plus sales in all of the 7 metros where the launch happens in the first quarter of launch. The metros where the product will be launched are Bangalore, NCR, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune. To break even within 3 quarters and make profits by the end of first year of operation The detailed calculations can be seen in the action program and execution section. Marketing Objectives To create an upbeat market for flavored market in Indian metros Become the market leader with 80% market share of organized market in the flavored segment by leveraging the first mover advantage The rationale behind the strategy and objectives set is driven by the following factors: To achieve higher market penetration in bottled water segments. Selling to markets and/or target segments not previously identified. To accelerate growth in accordance with the forecasted growth rate of the bottled water category. To nurture the brand identity and promote brand awareness through increased advertising and sales promotions. The objectives outlined above are in conformance with the company mission We are in the business of refreshing India with our products, refreshing the market with new categories and refreshing ourselves through innovation. Market Segmentation The dietary habits of busy city dwellers are gradually changing, with many giving in to convenient packaged beverages meals. There is a rising incidence of double-income nuclear families and growing numbers of single working men and women professionals with fast-paced lifestyles means. These increasingly lack the leisure or skills to prepare elaborate Indian beverages like Jaljeera/Mint Water / Mango Water . Thus, while beverages may not be able to match the taste of home food, consumers are still attracted by its convenience, hygiene and with these generally proving major draws rather than just taste. City 95 00 03 04 05 Mumbai 10,743 11,713 12,289 12,503 12,709 Delhi 8,198 9,542 10,336 10,616 10,881 Bangalore 3,690 4,186 4,483 4,589 4,696 Kolkata 4500 4568 4581 46060 4628 Chennai 4013 4184 4260 4310 4340 Hyderabad 3285 3418 3485 3526 3565 Pune 1930 2423 2735 2839 2935 Source: National statistical offices, Euromonitor International From the above data depicting the population rise in the target cities, it can be seen that the number of urban households in the major cities is about 1.72 million. If we consider the top 50 major cities in India this figure grows much higher. Double-Income nuclear families This is an increasing urban phenomenon and is buoyed by the trend of more and more couples choosing to have children much later in the marriage. With more women entering the workforce with increased focus on work life in urban areas, this trend is expected to continue. This segment is characterized by a fast paced life with little consideration for saving money. Singles Sustained economic growth and an increasing number of young professionals entering the workforce have seen a rise in the number of single member families in urban areas. Young adults are finding BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) jobs an early introduction to earning money. This segment is characterized by people with a high disposable income, busy lifestyles and relatively lower culinary skills (in particular single working men). The early adopters seem to be the singles segment, where homemade preparation for one is not considered worth the time, Supermarkets see high sales value growth Middle class Indians, with a credit card, or food coupons provided as part of their salary package have adopted organized food shopping. These shoppers are keen to take up special bulk purchase offers and deals. They also have the advantage of browsing in shops and choosing, without the intervention of the shopkeeper or salesperson. Increasingly, urban Indians are using both the local grocer and the supermarket. The groceries the preferred choice for basic food supplies and the supermarket for a wider choice of processed foods such as jams, pickles, sauces, juices and ready mixes. This is giving organized food retail high sales value growth, as these stores are selling higher volumes of value-added foods. Among the upper middle and wealthier classes, the modern retail outlets are used for basic commodities as well, as there is a feeling that the private labels offer cleaner well-picked produce than the local grocer does. As a result, there is some amount of store loyalty, as customer s prefer a particular chain. Marketing Implementation Action Programs The entire marketing program and the action plan execution is elaborated with respect to the 4 Ps in the section. We have done a consumer survey to better understand the marketing mix Product Sheetal is a forward integrated product extension to the superbly successful Bisleri which has a market share of 16% in India presently. The concept is not new. We have historical evidences that Indian Maharajas drank water with Indian Herbs to stay healthy and fit.Adding herbs to drinking water has been in vogue in many parts of our country In Kerala, in most of the hotels jeera water is being served even today Our country has a rich herbal treasure like vettiver, athimathuram, vallarai, ginger, seeragam, brahmi, tulasi, nimbu, pudina, orange, amla, narangi, hibiscus, samandhi, jasmine, etc.Thus consumers get a variety of flavours to choose from.So there would be many flavours but initial one would be Pudina Jeera Strawberry Raw Mango Medicinal herbs Tal Mishri (for infants) The product will be marketed in 4 sizes 300ml small pack , 1 litre medium packs and 25 liter large packs.The shelf life will be of 90 days without refrigeration Size Quantity Retail Price Small 300ml Rs 6 Medium 1 lit Rs. 18 Large 25 lit Rs. 400 Price One can sell their products as raw goods; value added goods, goods bundled with services or goods dramatized with experiences. Given below is the value addition that can be brought about in wheat by various levels of value add and the multiplication factor in price applicable with each value add. Value addition Flow Price of 1 litre of water = 10rs Price of flavors available in market (Rasna) = Rs. 4 Other material used like salt, sugar etc = Rs 4 Price of preparing one liter flavored drink at house = Rs 18 Our product priced at = Rs 18 Place Sheetal will only be sold in metros initially i.e. Mumbai, NCR comprising of Delhi, Noida and Gurgaon, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Kolkata and Pune. This is primarily because the target audience of this product is concentrated in these cities. The distribution channels employed for Sheetal has to be multi-dimensional as it tries to focus on a wide class of people from young working singles to mothers. Hence the distribution channels will come under 3 categories Super market chains like Big bazaar, Star bazaar etc For distributing to these chains, the proven sales and distribution channels of Parle will be leveraged. Local stores selling food items The stores selected will vary depending on the markets. In case of south India, the focus will be selling in the following category of outlets Retail outlets selling perishable food items like vegetables, milk etc These upcoming outlets are the initial form of organic stores in India. People who are looking for fresh perishable items target these stores. Confectionaries selling packaged food and snacks Bakeries are the coveted place for south Indians especially the metro class in south to grab a quick snack or a convenient packaged food. Kirana stores As both these kinds of outlets are non-existent in North, the selling will be through the neighboring kirana stores which form the ubiquitous neighborhood shopping point for the target audience. Collaboration with roadside ice cream vendors: People eating ice-cream some time to quench their thirst. If flavoured water is available they may drink it and enjoy ice cream for its taste Key Accounts Railways The IRCTC sever Rail NEER on the railways and along with those other drinks. Often the govt policy lead to ban of carbonated products. IRCTC can bank on this as a politically safe product promoting indianization Hotel Chains: The hotel chains provide chef prepared welcome drinks most often than not these are not seen as very hygienic and not taken by consumer. The flavoured drinks would be readily acceptable by the consumer Smaller restraunts : They will have thirst quencher extra apart from the usual carbonated drinks Marriage halls: The concept of Jaljeera and Pudina drink is very popular in marriages in India. They are generally prepared handmade and the stall gets overcrowded due to large preparation time. This packaged flavored water is both convenient and healthy Caterers : They get a ready to serve menu on their hand Promotion Flavored water is being introduced in India for the first time. That is why Sheetal definitely has the first mover advantage in this new niche of the market. As the positioning of the product is such that it promises to deliver the thirst quenching qualities of water, with an essence of fruit and mint flavor, it will appeal to a wide variety of consumers from age group 10 to 60. Also its medicinal benefits will make it most suitable for school going children (age 8-16) and also elderly people (age 55-70). As in this equatorial part of the world the summers are generally very long and hot, the demand for a thirst quenching medicinal beverage will definitely drive most of the sales for the year in that concentrated period in the year. As the concept of the product itself is very new, the product will require an extensive promotional program through multi channel, multi vehicle techniques. There is a need of aggressive promotional activity so as to create awareness among the consumers about the new product and communicate the values which the product offers. We have come up with following four key promotion vehicles which would be most effective in the current scenario Advertisement Sales promotion Personal selling Sponsorship Advertisement This is the most important mode of communication we would use. Following are the various tools we plan to use Television We will advertise on different primetime channel like Zee, sony, star etc. The programs will be mainly family and children programs and the timing will be family viewing timing Radio Various FM Channels like radio One, Radio City Red FM etc will be used to broadcast innovative ads in the morning and evening hours News print Newspaper dailies like TOI, Hindu, ET etc will be used to carry out ad campaign in sizes varying from 200200 ads to full page ads on weekends Magazine Magazines like India today business week etc will be targeted to convey the values to the targeted audience. Bill Board Major city crossroads will be covered under this promotional scheme to carry Posters of the products, and snapshots of the television ads to generate recall Mobile and internet These are very new channel in advertising are found to be pretty effective among the young generation of the country. Social networking sites like face book, orkut, twitter, etc can be used to carry out promotions. Sales Promotion This is just a backup for the failure of advertisement strategy. In this case several small retailers in small towns will be provided certain margin which they can utilize to push customer to try out the new product on the need basis. Well set some targets for the retailers to achieve at the end of each month and would reward the successful retailers. Personal Selling Will be putting up stalls and counters in colleges universities, malls and shopping centers. Will distribute free samples and conduct taste drives in cities to make people aware of the product. Will carry out online contest and get feedback from the customers. Sponsorship Sheetal will be promoted by sponsorships of various national and international events, both in the sporting and cultural light this will create visibility of the brand and will expose the brand to a wide audience. Well put up stalls in the event areas and distribute free sample to the consumers. We also plan to get the brand endorsed by celebrities and famous personalities to build brand image among the consumers. Annexure 1 PROFIT CALCULATION The 1st quarter sales target and the 1st year sales target from different metros are given below City Quarterly sales revenues Annual sales revenue Bangalore 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 NCR 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 Mumbai 5,00,00,00 2,00,00,000 Chennai 25,00,00 1,00,00,000 Hyderabad 25,00,00 1,00,00,000 Pune 125,00,00 5,00,00,00 Kolkata 125,00,00 5,00,00,00 Projected Revenue Projected quarterly revenue Rs. 2 crore Projected annual revenue Rs. 8 crore Project annual sales volume 44 lakhs litre Production Cost Cost of goods sold/kg Rs. 12 Annual cost of goods sold Rs. 4,80,00,000 Packaging expenses/kg Rs. 0.50 Annual packaging expenses Rs. 20,00,000 Yearly fixed cost component Rs. 50,00,000 Total production expenditure Rs. 5.5 crores Selling Expenditure Annual advertisements and promotions Rs. 1 crores Annual Salesmen commissions (2% of sales) Rs. 48 lakhs Slotting fees in first year Rs. 52 lakhs Total selling expenditure Rs. 2 crores Total Expenditure = Production cost + selling cost Gross Annual Profits = Revenues Expenditure Total Expenditure Rs 7.5 crores Gross Annual Profits Rs. 50 Lakhs Annexure 2 Questionnaire 1 .Do you drink Tap water or mineral Water for daily use? Tap 100 % Mineral 0% 2. How often do you drink mineral Water? Daily 0 % Outings 70 % Occasions 100% 3. How many glasses of water you drink daily Less than 6 30 % 6- 8 50 % More than 8 30 % 4. You drink Mineral Water Because Hygiene 50 % Taste 10 % Brand conscious 20 % 5. You dont drink mineral water because: Costly 50 % Dont feel any difference 10 % Has Water purifier at home 40 % 6. You drink which mineral water brand? Aquafina 20 % Kinley 50 % Bisleri 20 % Others 10 % 7. Have you ever tasted flavored mineral water? Yes 10 % No 90 % 8. If flavored mineral water is introduce in market do your buy it? Yes 70% No 30 % 9. Will you prefer flavored mineral water over ordinary? Yes 30 % No 20 % They are different 50 % 10. Flavors you like Pudina 30 % Jeera 50 % Strawberry 10 % Other 10 % 11. What price you are willing to pay for 1 litre 12 -15 20 % 15 -18 60 % 18 -20 20 % 12. You see flavored water as alternative of 1 Carbonated Soft Drink 30 % 2. Lassi 10 % 3. Fruit Juice 20 % 4. Homemade jaljeera 40 %